ASSESSMENT 1: PROJECT DELIVERY
Acknowledgement
It provides me greatest satisfaction to make the final submission
of the research that focuses on “Project
of Blockchain management for data security in mobile computing”. I am grateful to various fellow members
behind the successful completion of this research.
I would like
to express thanks to number of people who have guided me in preparing this
research. I would like to thank my higher authority, since without their
guidance my project work would not have been achievable. I would also like to
thank my peer group members. I would also like to show my appreciation towards
the respondents of the surveys as well as the interviews, whose co-operation
has helped me to incorporate data collection effectively and efficiently.
Thank
you.
Abstract
In the introduction, section the overview of the overall paper.
The introduction section had shed light on the background of the subject along
with the problem statements. The objectives mentioned in the introduction
highlight the project developer expectations from the project.
In
the literature review section, evolution of MEC was discussed with historical
data. Issue in the BT was mentioned along with the primary section of a typical
BT, this section gives theoretical perspective and shed lights on the existing
literature gap in the BT based MEC technology. Besides, discussion on the way Appello contributes to mobile
computation is discussed.
The methodology section has discussed the methods through which
the project has been developed. Here qualitative analysis and agile project
methodology have been considered. The data collection methods have been
discussed as well. Analysis has been done for the considered methodology and
the data gathered.
The
design section has presented the project design in pictorial form showing its
architecture. The implementation and testing section has discussed the implementation
processes and phases for the designed architecture. The testing processes have
been discussed as well.
Conclusion and critical evaluation has been performed along with
the evaluation of future works to be done with this project.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction. 7
1.1 Background. 7
1.2 Problem statement 7
1.3 Project aim and objectives. 8
2. Literature review.. 8
2.1 Conceptual framework. 8
2.2 Growth in mobile computing
in Appello. 10
2.3 Wireless mobile edge
computations and its evolution. 11
2.4 Blockchain-based mobile edge
computation for IoT automation. 13
2.5 Decentralized computations
for multi-user mobile computation with blockchain technology. 15
2.6 Blockchain method for
securing data supply chain management 17
2.7 Theoretical perspectives. 19
2.8 Literature gap. 21
3. Methodology. 21
3.1. Research strategy. 21
3.2. Data collection. 23
3.3. Technological methodology. 24
3.4. Blockchain method using
Consensus Algorithm.. 26
3.5. Timeline. 26
4. Analysis. 27
5. Design. 29
6. Implementation and testing. 30
7. Conclusion and critical
evaluation. 33
8. Future work. 35
References. 37
Appendix. 41
List of figures
Figure 2.1.1 Conceptual
framework. 11
Figure
2.3.1: Blockchain technology centralized and decentralized network. 13
Figure
2.3.2: Blockchain technology and risk management 13
Figure
2.4.1: Blockchain technology mobile edge computation. 14
Figure
2.4.1: Blockchain technology nodes validations process. 15
Figure
2.5.1: Blockchain technology in MEC architecture. 17
Figure
2.6.1: Computation process of Blockchain technology. 19
Figure
2.7.1: Network theory. 21
Figure
3.1: Research methodology. 23
Figure
3.5.1: Timeline. 28
Figure
5.1: Design for the project 30
Glossary
and Abbreviations
MEC- Mobile Edge
computing
CDN: Content
Delivery Network
P2P: Peer-to-Peer
PoW- Proof of work
RES- Renewable energy
sources
DLT: Distributed
ledger technology
AR: Augmented reality
VR: Virtual reality
AI: Artificial intelligence
IoT: Internet of
things
In terms of maintaining system security, implement new updates and
maintain sustainability with the operation, the significance of blockchain
technology has no match. Therefore, blockchain technology is an information
recording and maintaining system that makes it easier for a developer to
implement new changes and make it impossible to hack or crack the source code.
Along with the development of new technologies like AR, VR, AI, organizations
need to maintain previous technology and implement new technology. Companies
like Facebook, eBay had secured their existing methods and implemented a new
method to deliver high-quality results.
In this case, “Appello '' company was selected who
have more than 40 years of experiences in software development; however, their
recent methods in mobile-based computations and mobile-based app development is
a challenge for them (Appello.com.au, 2021). Therefore, this paper had
critically analysed the blockchain-technology method in mobile computation to
give a solution for their existing problem.
The problem is that mobile app development and mobile computation
software have low efficiency for the company. Due to this issue, in the
competitive market, the organisation is proving to lose competitive
advantages.
The project aim was “to analyse the real-world problem for
Appello and give practical solutions”.
The
objectives of this project were:
●
To evaluate a real-life
problem for Appello
●
To examine mobile blockchain
methods and challenges in practical situations
●
To develop practical solutions
through blockchain based on the problem for the company
Transmission of data has become easier than ever using mobile
computing. According to Yiqing & Guojie
(2018), data like images, videos, voice and text can now easily be
transmitted without the need of any physical connection between them. Appello
has played a monumental role in achieving this feat. The development of
completely tailored software has allowed Appello to grow in the mobile
computing field. Proper research is done to analyze the target audience and
their needs in the field of mobile computing. Based on the research insights,
Appelo has been able to fabricate personalized software having a clean and easy
to use user interface (Appello.com.au, 2021). Appello also provides prototype
software for its consumers to test the real time working of the software.
Various technological advancements have taken place in the field of mobile
computing like digital pen and paper, e-book, e-paper and natural user
interface for mobile devices. Appello has aligned their work for providing
seamless mobile computing solutions for different companies like Google and Amazon.
Electronic distribution of information has become much easier and
fast with the implementation of mobile computing. According to Yiqing, Z. H. O. U & Guojie (2018), ultra
wireless broadband networking has also been smoother with the use of proper
softwares and website help. Appello proves testing and quality assurance of
these softwares, which has allowed them to make a name for themselves in the
field of mobile computing. For the development of mobile computing, Appello
follows front end and back end development along with proper support in
projects. They start by defining the problem and making a course of action
according to the project requirements. They use the latest technologies such
as React Native, AR core, React JS, Java script, Flutter and Swift for the front-end
development of the software required for mobile computing (Appello.com.au,
2021). For the back end development, Appello has engineers who can connect the
API protocols to the product for the worldwide deployment of the mobile
computing technology. With this advancement, Appello has ensured that there is
an increase in productivity, ease of research, entertainment. They have also
eliminated location constant and provided flexibility to everyone.
Along with the rapid development of communications and information
technology developments the popularity of consumer devices in data trading is
also increasing. However, in the classical way or traditional edge computation
system the consensus had brought difficulties with the centralized authority.
According to Sekaran et al. (2020),
the development and crypto currency took place due to the P2P network. However,
the high-end computation process was difficult to resolve by the result
computation process. Additionally, the modern era is dependent on mobile or
movable technologies. Therefore, the need for wireless mobile edge took place.
(Source: Chen et al., 2019)
As commend by Chen et al. (2018),
MEC or mobile edge computation is a multilevel computation system that uses
ubiquitous mobile devices and applications to automate operations. Therefore in
order to understand the mobile computation it is required to understand the
concept of edge computation that is highly corrected with the mobile
computations. In edge computation, as defined by Chen
& Wang (2020), use at least two edges, where in one end they use
general mobile devices like smartphones, smart bands, tablets or any movable
technology and its embedded application to gather data.
(Source: Andoni et al., 2019)
On the other hand, it uses new emerging technology like 5g and 6g
network for growth. The origin of mobile computation can be tracked back in
1990 when CDN network of content-based network was first
launched. In 2001, the concept of P2P network came into action for scalable and
decentralized applications. In 2006, the concept of cloud computation came in
terms of “elastic compute cloud” (Andoni et al., 2019). However,
the practical meaning of bringing wireless computation in mobile-based
platforms took place in 2009, by introducing “cloudlet” as a VM
based mobile computation system using cloud technology.
This section is mainly focused on usage of IoT based mobile
computation methods in daily life. Experts like Liu et al.
(2018), shared his thoughts on the MEC as a way to facilitate control and
monitoring of objects to revolutionize the way humans handle their data. The
concept of IoT is broadly divided and loosely described to understand the
significance of the IoT. This can be defined as controlling large volumes of
data along with network connectivity and technology to revolutionize the data
management and computations process.
(Source:Zheng et al., 2019)
As significantly mentioned by Joshi,
Han & Wang (2018), the concept of blockchain is greatly used to
maintain data security and algorithm security. Hence, analysis on such in depth
particular blockchain methods may not be possible because of privacy issues. However,
analysis on the general method may give insight data on the security and
policy. Experts like Huang et al. (2019),
mentioned blockchain technology as a disruptive technology that can perform
transition from client-server to secure server. On the other hand experts like
Andoni et al. (2019), mentioned
six important sections in blockchain technology.
●
Block validations - collect
data to validate each blocks
●
Link with parent block - in
general 256 bit field use as a hash field to point the previous blocks
●
Markle Root - this section use
those 256 bit hash filed in all transition block for data accumulations (Joshi,
Han & Wang, 2018)
●
Timestamp - this record the
processing time for evaluations (Joshi, Han & Wang, 2018)
●
Nonce section - this section
is also associated with the hash field for hash computations
●
TCB - this section calculate
number of transmission between blocks
(Source: Saberi et al., 2019)
Blockchain based decentralized database application can be
introduced in the mobile based IoT computations. Intelligent IoT framework with
the IoT based AI system can also be used for automated computations.
Decentralized MEC has proved to be a promising solution for
limited resource related mobile devices. According to Min (2019), decentralized algorithms in mobile computation can
use offload technique to use nearby MEC servers for computations. As mobile
devices have limited resources and limited by technology, therefore they use
decentralized databases or servers for secure computations. Additionally due to
the offload technology, they can use limited time to do critical computations.
Decentralized computation with mobile based computation can use multi-user and
multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems with the stochastic wireless channel
for long term average computations (Saberi et al. 2019). One main
challenge is that, in order to increase the accuracy of the results therefore
the longevity of the results, the cost of those computations gets increases. Therefore,
in order to decrease the costs and increase computation performance, blockchain
methods and technology can be used.
(Source: Sekaran et al.,
2019)
The main idea is to decentralize the overall data flow into small
blocks. Each block will run in parallel to increase computation time; however,
close connections need to be maintained with each block. Alternative blocks can
also be used for the same purpose so that under condition when one block gets
down, the entire block can stay effective as before. In that aspect, according
to Tijan et al. (2019), deep
Q-network, DDPG based network, DQN based network and strategy can be used to
bring down the cost.
This section centralized its focus toward business needs by blockchain
technology and used crypto currency as an asset to evaluate blockchain methods.
According to Sekaran et al. (2019), the concept of crypto currency is
related to the data mining process with the help of blockchain technology to
empower crypto currency. The business needs by blockchain technology is to fulfil
three needs mainly.
●
Reduce the processing costs as
result from better-preserved blockchain technology without any human
interactions.
●
Improve the data visibility
across the data supply chain management process
●
Increase transparency via
ledger technology (Tijan et al. 2019)
Blockchain technology can use EDI or electronic data interchange,
XML or extensible mark-up language and API as a tool to do high-end computation
like data mining. However blockchain technology has some serious drawbacks such
as lack of technical expertises in organizations, challenge in handling
scalability and limited resources to improve existing blockchain technology
(Tijan et al. 2019).
(Source: Feng et al., 2019)
In order to implement a blockchain method successfully in a
company it is important to trigger the data travelling process through contract
formations. As mentioned by Yaga et al. (2019),
the contract formation is computer protocol that “facilitates
verification and enforcement of contractual obligations by embedding
contractual clauses”.
Agent theory
Agent theory is a very straight theory that highlights relations
between business principle and its agents. In this case, the agent has power
over day-to-day transactions. According to Joshi, Han & Wang (2018), the
principle is to hire the agent to perform the services. Therefore, the agent is
generally oriented around their service needs. The development of blockchain is
also oriented around business related needs. As the needs can be changed based
on the circumstances therefore the survival can also be changed.
Information theory
Information theory works around three major concepts, “quantification,
storage and communications” of information. It gives mathematical
modelling of the treatment process of information and the way it is revolved in
the network. It is probabilistic in nature and it studies the way information
revolves in a network (Saberi et al. 2019). In blockchain technology,
data revolving processes go through by analysing the probability of each
outcome.
Network theory
(Source: Liu et al., 2019)
In order to study the relation between discrete objects, the
concept of network theory can be used. In the blockchain and mobile computation
process, this theory defines systematic relations like symmetry and asymmetry
relation between parameters (Zheng et al. 2017).
The existing literature mainly proposed solutions; however
practical implementation and result analysis was missing from the research
paper. This paper was mainly focused on future technology instead discussing
current technology in the blockchain method. The existing research paper had
mainly discussed the blockchain as a high tech computation instead focusing on
regular mobile devices contribution in the blockchain methods.
The IS project has involved significant methodologies which would
help in implying blockchain methodology to the chosen organization for
mitigating the issues and data breaches occurring with the mobile computing. The methodology has involved a traditional
procedure of Qualitative Analysis method, which has been
conducted for project purposes. As mentioned by Nayak
& Singh (2021), it is significant that adequate research in the
existing circumstances and environment are to be done to assess the severity
and complexity of mobile computing issues with data management.
Here review of different articles and literature has been done to
gather adequate knowledge on Mobile Computing, its related issues which are
generally faced while utilizing such technology and the remedies and management
techniques that can be installed for their recovery. As opined by Kumar (2018), qualitative analysis is conducted
to obtain subjective information regarding the core research topic. Through
this analysis, it is ensured that appropriate insights are received from
Appello Company and the real-world problems are realized. Here technological
project methods have been utilized for appropriate project implementation. While
installation Blockchain methodology might pose some complications and therefore
it is significant that those issues are efficiently handled.
Data collection method here is significant, primarily for
analysing and justifying theoretical knowledge and practical experience. Here
relevant methods would be effective for meeting the basic project objectives. Therefore,
the collection procedures which are involved are Semi structured
Interview strategy. Here the Appello Companies IT managers are
interviewed to gather information regarding the complications or threats their
Company faces regarding data security in Mobile Computing (Refer to appendix). Through
this interview process the respondents are questioned regarding their views on
Mobile computing, problems with data management and breaches due to Mobile
computing and whether they feel that Blockchain management would be effective
enough to mitigate such emerging issues.
The respondents are given some higher priority in this methodology
function as they can relate more to the real problems and share real incidents
for better assessment in this project design. As mentioned by Bairagi & Munot (2019), it is significant
to analyse the opinions and thinkings of professionals regarding Blockchain
management efficiency and abilities in dealing with the mobile computing data
problems. The interviewees are assessed based on the context and their views in
context of leveraging blockchain benefits to their work infrastructure.
Blockchain technology has the capability and benefits towards
sustainability in some major aspects like traceability, accountability,
cybersecurity and transparency (Appello.com.au, 2021). The algorithms and
implementation a technique involves while incorporation has also been realized
with an operational environment along with blockchain technology.
In this particular blockchain management project, implementation
of this Blockchain technology is ensured through agile project
methodology. The robust digital framework, resilient to data attacks,
enables applications for the Company’s sustainability. Through this agile
development procedure, it is being ensured to gather necessary project
requirements, assess, design, build or develop, test and finally deploy the
Blockchain applications. As mentioned by Bairagi
& Munot (2019), this process is mainly based on different agile
practices like the user stories, incremental and iterative developments and
deployments based on those stories. The project would be processed with scrum
agile methodology to design relevant designs for delivering values to
Appello throughout this Blockchain project. The following phases have been
followed:
●
Analysing project requirements
●
Designing the project
●
Developing the project
●
Testing the project
(Geeksforgeeks.org, 2021)
●
Deploying the project
●
Reviewing the project
The
methodology framework has been performed in a cyclic manner where each stage
has been reviewed and informed with their respective progress. Agile
methodology is quite efficient to manage this blockchain management project.
Three core principles have been maintained and followed through this project methodology,
which are:
●
Collaboration
●
Maintenance of appropriate
quality level
●
Constant focus over the
business values (Geeksforgeeks.org, 2021)
In blockchain-based systems, the consensus-based procedure for
data updating and recording over distributed systems are primary in enabling
the trustless transitions among multi-party. Therefore, proper understanding
regarding how and what information is recorded and manipulated finally
evaluates the degrees of cost, performance and utility of any blockchain
application. According to Zheng et al. (2017), Blockchain improves the
data quality through providing the immutable, consistent and immutable data
store. However, the technology has certain challenges with respect to data
management.
Algorithmic implementation here has been ensured with traditional
project methodology. Continuous monitoring and aligning with every project
goals and requirements, this project has been built (Daneshgar, Sianaki & Guruwacharya, 2019,
March). The blockchain project has
been analysed and designed from the viewpoint of business analysts highlighting
the significant concepts and related considerations while integrating
blockchain management to mobile computing systems as data stores.
The blockchain technology has been identified as the data storage
which is to be used for securing data management during mobile computing
applications. Here first the general architectural layers for any system with
the necessary data stores have been identified along with the conceptualization
of every blockchain term (Geeksforgeeks.org, 2021). The flow and the placement
of data within the blockchain application have been assessed. Next, the data
administration aspects in blockchain have been examined, especially as some
blockchain data stores. Assessment has been done on the context of blockchain
data analytics and supportive trustable data analytics allowed by blockchain.
Finally data governance issues within blockchain in fields of quality and
privacy assurances have been assessed.
The consensus algorithm in the blockchain method evaluates
untrustworthy nodes in the blockchain method. One practical example of data
breach taking place due to untrustworthy nodes was the 2016 Facebook data
breach, when millions of users were licked. Similar incident took place in Ebay
when millions of users' password changes due to data breach through bad nodes (Zheng
et al. 2017). Due to that, reason facebook had changed their existing blockchain
method and introduced consensus algorithms. PoW approach can be used along with
a decentralized network without any central computation process for analysing
nodes. According to Liu et al. (2018), the concept is to use normal
mobile technology and a local data centre to observe node conditions. This
helped the development to implement a blockchain method that can be used for
vast areas. Additionally as no critical technology is used, therefore the cost
of this method is low. The consensus algorithm uses a localized data server to
reduce the computation costs.
Applying the considered methodological approaches certain findings
have been generated in support of this considered project. The qualitative
findings have found certain information based on which a conclusive analysis
has been developed. From the literature reviews and case studies it has been analysed
that Mobile computing involves many data security issues. As mentioned by Yaga et al. (2019), Unethical and
improper practices like industrial espionage, hacking, online frauds, malicious
destruction and pirating are some of the many problems, which are
experienced with mobile computing.
From
the conducted interview sessions, the respondents have also confirmed the
loopholes and flaws with mobile computing [Refer
to Appendix]. They also confirmed
that the mobile applications being developed by them are also having issues
regarding data breaches (Isaca.org, 2021). It has been found that this company
has been facing certain complications in their operational environment and more
precisely data management has become a major tension for this Appello Company.
It has also been learned that the respondents are considering the efficiency of
Blockchain technology for data security.
Through
the agile methodology implementation the requirements and specifications for
Blockchain have been analysed. It is essential that for blockchain
implementation, knowledge on cryptography, smart contracts, data structures, and
interoperability and blockchain architectures is available. As stated by Zheng et
al. (2017, June), blockchain is encrypted, decentralized and cross-checked
and this allows the information or data to remain backed strongly. As the
blockchain is always fully loaded with enough nodes, therefore to hack maximum
nodes simultaneously or concurrently is not possible. As one of the significant
distributed ledger technologies, data is the most fundamental and immutable
attribute for this technology.
Blockchain is that data structure which is used for developing
public or private distributed digital transmission ledger. This instead of using a single provider is actually shared among
the distributed computer networks. The distributed ledgers are to be used for
storing the critical assets for tracking stage changes and data owners. The
redundant and distributed fashion in which the data is stored within
blockchains requires verification of every node (Isaca.org, 2021). Thus, this
makes it difficult for the malicious attackers for attack and manipulating data
for tier advantage. Here blockchain management requires no trusted central
servers or entities. Therefore, it is addressed as trust less technology also.
This
IS project in respect to blockchain management promotes decentralization
concepts. It has been analysed that blockchain technology along with the
appropriate business infrastructure could serve the necessary purposes behind
this project development. This technology maintains partnership with
cybersecurity technologies, which allows in data protection. Data protection is
currently the significant concern for any business and application (Chen & Wang, 2020).
The blockchain design implementation has been ensured and achieved
through the following phases or steps. The design has been modelled considering
the blockchain scope and project scope simultaneously.
Here the design of the architecture has been shown in
layered-form. As mentioned by Daneshgar, Sianaki & Guruwacharya (2019, March), there are
three layers which have been presented and the layers have been linked
throughout ensuring data management. The approaches, which have been included
in blockchain management, are Smart contract, consensus algorithm, ledge and
transaction. Here two technologies of blockchain have been implemented. One is
MultiChain platform, which is used for sharing the user profile data with this
enterprise private network. Another platform that is Ethereum mode has been
used for storing data and access-control policies securely like smart
contracts.
Two trusted programs have been considered through which the data
is to be accepted and delivered and they are trusted computing and the key
management services. As opined by Daneshgar, Sianaki & Guruwacharya (2019, March), the storage section has included different storage tools like
database, clouds and other. Here the user data will be encrypted and hashed
before providing uploading those user data into the related off-chain storage.
When trust actually resides within any centralized service providers for every
data storage and management, it is difficult for mitigating every risk. Hence,
the risk for data hacking, sabotaging is high without user consent. Therefore,
this structure has considered that aspect as well.
Implementation:
Blockchain management and its implementation have been ensured
through the best and fairest consensus algorithm, PoET. As
mentioned by Daneshgar,
Sianaki & Guruwacharya (2019, March), this algorithm chooses the necessary next blocks by using only fair
means. The algorithm is mainly used with the permissioned Blockchain networks.
Here in this algorithm, each valuator available on any network gets a proper
and fair chance for creating their own set or block. The main objective of
developing or incorporating blockchain management is to ensure appropriate data
security. Under the premise and grounds that the system nodes does not require
any mutual trust, this blockchain project can implement and ensure the trusted
peer-to-peer connection for safeguarding the Appello’s important mobile
computing-related information. Through adopting the encryption
algorithms, consensus mechanisms, smart contracts and point-to-point
transmission this implementation has been ensured.
Data on any blockchain is always immutable. Here this could be a
serious complication while adopting the blockchain technology as a solution. Hence,
the project has considered a general architecture considering the user data
system which is based on the off-chain and blockchain data storage. As
commented by Mohanty et
al. (2020), the general architecture can
ensure that the main or the actual data is never exposed in blockchain. Here
the user data will be encrypted and hashed before providing uploading those
user data into the related off-chain storage. Thus, the data owners associated
with the client applications would directly store the data over the off-chain
storage. The blockchain design implementation has been ensured and achieved
through the following phases or steps. Here the terms and conditions related to
user data access are encrypted in smart contracts and the metadata and data
hash is stored. The data is then published on the Ethereum platform
(Blockchain platform). The data hashes on blockchain would eliminate
the middleware from disrupting the data.
The content-based addressing would ensure the data hashes serve as
identifiers for data retrieval. Therefore, when any data client invokes smart
contracts to access certain user data then only the successful contract
invocation would lead to the release of private key for user data decryption.
As commented by Mohanty et
al. (2020), the trusted programs would
then extract the associated hash from the blockchain and use it for data
retrieval from off-chain storage. This project design also presents the
underlying storage mechanism of off-chain user data that further could be
considered as a centralized store being hosted by any trusted party. However,
when trust actually resides within any centralized service providers for every
data storage and management, it is difficult for mitigating every risk. Hence,
the risk for data hacking, sabotaging is high without user consent. Here
Appello’s defaults can also destroy data. Here thus the design has also
implemented another blockchain platform. Here this new platform along with the
separated private permissioned technology-based blockchain called MutiChain
platform as an appropriate solution for the off-chain and on-chain data
storage, hashing, encryption and data tracking (Hui et al., 2019). This service is to be provided altogether with the
Ethereum platform for access control.
Off-chain blockchain implementation along with user data storage
has to be achieved successfully with limited peers in MultiChain blockchain. As
mentioned by Hui et al. (2019), multichain nodes will handle the key operations like
user data hashing and encryption, storing encrypted files locally, searching
necessary data, committing the file hash over blockchain, data verification and
data delivery.
Testing:
The implementation of this Blockchain management project requires
to be validated through the significant stage of testing. As opined by Wu et al. (2018, March), here the objective is to ensure that there is complete test
coverage with the achievement of the quality for this blockchain application in
the mobile computing environment of Appello Company. Some prominent tests,
which are considered, for this particular project are:
●
Integration testing: In this testing, it has been ensured that every component of this
project or application is properly integrated and are performing accordingly as
per appreciate actions.
●
Functional testing: In this testing, evaluation of work and velocity for different
functional components in Blockchain is involved (Daneshgar, Sianaki & Guruwacharya, 2019,
March).
●
Security testing: In this testing, it has been checked that the project is
vulnerable to any attack or not and the systems are capable of protecting the
information data. The testing verified whether the project design or
architecture is capable of managing e malicious breaching attacks.
●
API testing: In this testing, it has been ensured that appropriate interaction
between the blockchain ecosystem and the data applications that are within
Appello Company's business infrastructure (Sekaran et al. 2020).
●
Block testing: this testing ensures examination of every designed block in this
operational network. The blocks are to be tested individually in order to
ensure their coordination and linking.
●
Performance testing: This testing is crucial as it involves testing of tails such as
network latency on the basis of block size, expected translation size, network
size and the duration for query needed to return relevant output along with the
particular specialized authentication protocol.
Through the above-mentioned testing approaches the considered
project on this blockchain management in context of Mobile computing issues has
been tested.
Conclusion
Blockchain management could ensure data security and mitigate data
breach issues, which are generally faced due to mobile computing. Mobile
computing which has been developed for improving mobile communication has
become a tension for data security, issues like DoS, integrity,
confidentiality, data availability, storage, legitamcay, eavesdropping and
traffic analysis are common with this computing application. Here data
management has become critical issues. Therefore, in this scenario Blockchain
technology can be viewed appropriate for such management. Using blockchain
operations, sensitive data can be gradually protected through ensuring the
decentralized form for the data storage. Here this mitigation technique would
cause the hackers difficulty in penetrating into data storage systems. It is observed that Appello follows front end and back end development for projects.
It has been analyzed that blockchain technology along with the
appropriate business infrastructure could serve the necessary purposes behind
this project development. This technology maintains partnership with
cybersecurity technologies, which allows in data protection. Data protection is
currently the significant concern for any business and application. Through
this technology implementation user data can be practically protected. Here the
project design that has been considered and presented has considered different
security aspects and user data states through incorporating different
blockchain platforms and mechanisms. With this it can be concluded that this
project could be feasible enough to recover the issues which Appello Company
might be facing with their mobile computing applications.
Critical evaluation
It has been evaluated that Blcokchain management has more scope to
serve this project purpose. Critically it has been determined that blockchain
technology is capable of ensuring information security. In blockchain-based
systems, the consensus-based procedure for data updating and recording over
distributed systems are primary in enabling the trustless transitions among
multi-party. Therefore, proper understanding regarding how and what information
is recorded and manipulated finally evaluates the degrees of cost, performance
and utility of any blockchain application. Amalgamating the features for the
Blockchain technology it can be anticipated that Blockchain management has the
capacity for eradicating data breach issues surfaced with the Mobile computing
application. Mobile computing has various security gaps, which provides
complications to the companies that work with that technology. Here Blockchain
management is the smarter solution to deal with these challenges.
Blockchain technology has become one of the major and desired technologies,
which has equal contributions in every working domain. With the implementation
of this particular project, it is assumed that the necessary requirements and
mitigation controls could be adopted for this Company. Blockchain
implementation ensures transparency, immutability, trust, 24*7 availability,
disintermediation and substantial improvements. Its unique characteristics of
designing the information block and chaining them with secure means offers
enhanced safety and security because of the cryptographic ways. Here the
information is gradually exchanged via this methodology and this it becomes
ideal for transferring highly sensitive and confidential information.
However, there are various challenges which exist with Blockchain
technology and management as well. This aspect has not been considered in this
project. It is essential that these challenging attributes be also
considered to provide reliable and consistent solutions. Issues like
poor scalability, lack of privacy, high-energy consumption, ineffective
technological designs pose serious boundaries which are required to be further
addressed to deliver efficient solutions. The future project work involves
consideration of project implementation in the real world. Security aspects are
to be further considered for strengthening the management functions. There are
certain differences, which exist between any theoretical evaluation and
practical implementation. The practical circumstances, possibilities,
constraints and other aspects are required to be considered and addressed in
this future work. More specifications and advancements are to be
included and practiced for this project, which could upgrade the project
quality.
Books
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M. V. (Eds.). (2019). Research methodology: A practical and scientific
approach. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Kumar, R. (2018). Research
methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Nayak, J. K., &
Singh, P. (2021). Fundamentals of Research Methodology Problems and
Prospects. New Delhi: SSDN Publishers & Distributors.
Journals
Daneshgar, F., Sianaki,
O. A., & Guruwacharya, P. (2019, March). Blockchain: a research framework
for data security and privacy. In Workshops of the International
Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (pp.
966-974). Springer, Cham.
Feng, J., Yu, F. R., Pei,
Q., Chu, X., Du, J., & Zhu, L. (2019). Cooperative computation offloading
and resource allocation for blockchain-enabled mobile-edge computing: A deep
reinforcement learning approach. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 7(7),
6214-6228.
Hui, H., An, X., Wang,
H., Ju, W., Yang, H., Gao, H., & Lin, F. (2019). Survey on Blockchain for
Internet of Things. J. Internet Serv. Inf. Secur., 9(2),
1-30.
Liu, M., Yu, F. R., Teng,
Y., Leung, V. C., & Song, M. (2018). Computation offloading and content
caching in wireless blockchain networks with mobile edge computing. IEEE
Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 67(11), 11008-11021.
Min, H. (2019).
Blockchain technology for enhancing supply chain resilience. Business
Horizons, 62(1), 35-45.
Mohanty, S. P.,
Yanambaka, V. P., Kougianos, E., & Puthal, D. (2020). PUFchain: A
hardware-assisted blockchain for sustainable simultaneous device and data
security in the internet of everything (IoE). IEEE Consumer Electronics
Magazine, 9(2), 8-16.
Saberi, S., Kouhizadeh,
M., Sarkis, J., & Shen, L. (2019). Blockchain technology and its
relationships to sustainable supply chain management. International
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Sekaran, R., Patan, R.,
Raveendran, A., Al-Turjman, F., Ramachandran, M., & Mostarda, L. (2020).
Survival Study on Blockchain Based 6G-Enabled Mobile Edge Computation for IoT
Automation. IEEE Access, 8, 143453-143463.
Tijan, E.,
Aksentijević, S., Ivanić, K., & Jardas, M. (2019). Blockchain
technology implementation in logistics. Sustainability, 11(4),
1185.
Wu, L., Du, X., Wang, W.,
& Lin, B. (2018, March). An out-of-band authentication scheme for internet
of things using blockchain technology. In 2018 International Conference
on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC) (pp. 769-773).
IEEE.
Yaga, D., Mell, P., Roby,
N., & Scarfone, K. (2019). Blockchain technology overview. arXiv
preprint arXiv:1906.11078.
Yiqing, Z. H. O. U., &
Guojie, L. I. (2018). Convergence of communication and computing in future
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1.
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H., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2017, June). An overview of blockchain
technology: Architecture, consensus, and future trends. In 2017 IEEE
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Online articles
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Flynn, D., Abram, S., Geach, D., Jenkins, D., ... & Peacock, A. (2019).
Blockchain technology in the energy sector: A systematic review of challenges
and opportunities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 100,
143-174. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.10.014 Retrieved on 15 April 2021
Chen, G., Xu, B., Lu, M.,
& Chen, N. S. (2018). Exploring blockchain technology and its potential
applications for education. Smart Learning Environments, 5(1),
1-10. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-017-0050-x Retrieved on 15 April 2021
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Websites
Appello.com.au, 2021 About Us Retrieved
from: https://appello.com.au/ [Accessed on: 16th April, 2021]
Geeksforgeeks.org, 2021 Blockchain
technology Retrieved from:
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/blockchain-technology-introduction/ [Accessed on:
16th April, 2021]
Isaca.org, 2021 Blockchain technology
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https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/issues/2017/volume-4/a-view-of-blockchain-technology-from-the-information-security-radar
[Accessed on: 16th April, 2021]
Question 1: What are the issues your Company is facing with data
security while implementing mobile computing?
|
Respondent
|
Response
|
|
Manager 1
|
“We are facing different problems. There is DoS attacks. Clients
are complaining about our products”
|
|
Manager 2
|
“Many problems like data theft and many more. This also
affecting our business efficiency”
|
Question 2: Do you think Blockchain management can help in
information security?
|
Respondent
|
Response
|
|
Manager 1
|
“Definitely, Blockchain has high efficiency for data security”
|
|
Manager 2
|
“Yes of course. However we also need to consider other
technologies as well”
|
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