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Table of Contents

Allocating Human Resources. 3

Allocating Financial resources. 6

Setting Timelines. 14

To develop a car from concept to reality, manufacturers require raw materials (Khatabook, 2020) 15

Setting Performance Indicators. 17

 


 

Allocating Human Resources

Operation

Activity

Allocated employees

Number of employees allocated

Responsible authority

Manufacturing

modifying the aluminium sheets

developing the car body

building the engines

Designing the drivetrain and gear box

Engineers

R&D scientists

Welders

15 engineers

10 R&D scientists

25 Welders

Production Manager

TABLE: Human Resource Allocation Plan

 

 

Objective

Specific

Measurable

Achievable

Realistic

Time bound

Production

Managers

To improve the knowledge in capacity planning

Enrolling into the Coursera courses of Operational Management 101

Scoring more than 9.0 in the summative assessment indicates a succesful accomplishment of the objective

The presence of online lecture modules and moodle resources are neccesary

This activity is in alignment with the objective

6 months

Engineers

To increase the competency of car body designing in EV

Registering in online workshops for electronic vehicle production

Scoring more than 85% in the simulation report indicates a successful accomplishment of the objective

The presence of online lecture modules and moodle resources are neccesary

This activity is in alignment with the objective

6 months

TABLE: Professional development Plan

 

 

One of the major activities of the car production is the manufacturing process (Omar, 2014; Spirko et al., 2016). This plays a key role in the competitive strategy as the company strategy focuses on keeping the car prices low without comprising quality and this can only be attained if the manufacturing process is retrofitted with waste recycle system that helps in reusing aluminium scraps which are left behind from the production of car chassis. One of the major actitvites of the car production is the fabrication (Bhatnagar, 2018; Durkin et al., 2020). This activity play a key part in addressing the competitive priority as the firms has set the provision of high quality interior within their cars as their priority to gain on competitive edge and such expectation is met by the fabrication activities as they are responsible for lining the interiors with high quality leather and provide seamless experience for the driver. One of the major activities of the car production is the assembly line (Dias et al., 2019; Lee, 2016). This activity is essential for addressing the key performance indicators of the company as the firm makes use of low delivery lead times as KPI and such benchmark is achieved due to assembly since it is responsible for putting together the chassis, body, engine and the tires quickly and deliver it to the client with the lowest lead time.

 

Manufacturing is the key process of transformation in the car manufacturing (Klug, 2013; Koram, 2019). This involves the use of an aluminium and carbon fibre as the sources for developing the chassis and the body of the car. This also includes the development of the car engine, drivetrain and gearbox for the car. The transformed resources that are used in the manufacturing process are the aluminium and carbon fibre sheets are the transformed resources. This is because the transformed resources is depicted by the resources whose shape and structure is converted to produce the finished or final products and such aspects are met by the aluminium and carbon fibre as they come in flat sheets and are altered into hollow structures for being converted into cars, which is the final product. In the works of Caetano et al. (2021); Merciai (2019), it is supported that the transformation resources are characterised as the resources that are responsible for producing the final product. The transforming resources are the R&D scientists, engineers and metal processing technology. This is because the transforming resources are those competencies that provide support or are used to perform the resource transformation process and the metal processing technology delivers on that role as it is responsible for converting the aluminium sheets flat sheets into the car body by considering the car body design specification as the data input. In the works of Grnroos and Ojasalo (2014); Yazan and Fraccascia (2020), it is supported that the transforming resources are essential. In the transformation process, the aluminium sheets are cut into different shapes and sizes that are specified by the R&D scientists. The engineers feed this data into the robot arm laser system for cutting down the sheets into specific segments of the car body and then they are welded together at specific joints to emerge as the entire car body input. Then the engineeers focus on the production of the car engine by developing mold casts in which liquid aluminium and titanium metal is poured. This settles down and the cast is broken down to get the engine. The output of the process is the car that is integrated with the engine and the car body.

 

The company has a future vision that it would emerge as an entity that has the highest rate of satisfaction amongst the drivers and the passengers. The company aims at using this advent as a source of gaining competitive advantage in the future. However, this can only be attained if the manufactured cars keep on improving their mileage which requires increasing efficiency in aerodynamics and such requirement can only be met by manufacturing as it is known for its capacity of improving the aerodynamics for future design iterations. Similar evidence can be observed in the works of as it is stated that the manufacturing is important for the development of the competitive edge and asserting a positive implication on the performance of the firm. Therefore, it is analysed that the manufacturing operation has a significant contribution in improving the firms potential in attaining the competitive priorities of high satisfaction rate amongst the customers. In addition to that, the company has aimed at developing a net zero carbon emission vehicle in the future to gain a competitive lead in the market. In an attempt to address such expectation, the manufacturing plays a crucial role as the production of the net zero carbon emission vehicle would require production of lithium cell based EV engine and such neccesity is addressed by the manufacturing as it is known for producing efficient engines for electronic vehicles. Similar observations can be accounted in the works of as the author suggest that the manufacturing has a positive association with the creation of proper engines in EV. Therefore, manufacturing is important operation in improving competitive priority of the firm.

 

Allocating Financial resources

 

Activities

Amount

Research and Development

$ 2000000

Prototyping and Testing

$ 1500000

Materials and components

$ 3000000

Engineering Team Salaries

$ 1500000

Manufacturing Equipment

$ 1800000

Marketing and Promotion

$ 1200000

Total budget

$ 11000000

Table: Budget plan

 

The total budget of the project is 11 million.

Current Period

Forecasted Period

Increase (Decrease)

2024-2025

2025-2026

2024-2025

BEGINNING CASH ON HAND

24,110.00

31,885.00

(7,775.00)

ADD: CASH RECEIPTS

Cash Sales

12,000.00

12,600.00

(600.00)

Collections from Customer Credit Accounts

35,000.00

36,750.00

(1,750.00)

Loan or Other Cash Injection

-

-

-

Interest Income

250.00

250.00

-

Income Tax Refund

-

-

-

Misc. Cash Receipts

50.00

50.00

-

TOTAL CASH RECEIPTS

47,300.00

49,650.00

(2,350.00)

LESS: CASH PAYMENTS

COST OF GOODS SOLD:

Direct Product/Service Costs

13,000.00

13,650.00

(650.00)

Salaries-Direct

1,900.00

1,995.00

(95.00)

Payroll Taxes and Benefits-Direct

225.00

236.25

(11.25)

Supplies

400.00

420.00

(20.00)

Other Costs

50.00

52.50

(2.50)

Sub-Total Cost of Goods Sold

15,575.00

16,353.75

(778.75)

OPERATING EXPENSES:

Advertising and Promotion

300.00

315.00

(15.00)

Automobile/Transportation

50.00

52.50

(2.50)

Bank Service Charges

25.00

26.25

(1.25)

Business Licenses and Permits

30.00

31.50

(1.50)

Charitable Contributions

50.00

52.50

(2.50)

Computer and Internet

200.00

210.00

(10.00)

Continuing Education

125.00

131.25

(6.25)

Dues and Subscriptions

25.00

26.25

(1.25)

Insurance

600.00

630.00

(30.00)

Meals and Entertainment

200.00

210.00

(10.00)

Merchant Account Fees

600.00

630.00

(30.00)

Miscellaneous Expense

25.00

26.25

(1.25)

Office Supplies

50.00

52.50

(2.50)

Payroll Processing

200.00

210.00

(10.00)

Postage and Delivery

20.00

21.00

(1.00)

Printing and Reproduction

50.00

52.50

(2.50)

Professional Services - Legal, Accounting

250.00

262.50

(12.50)

Occupancy

1,600.00

1,680.00

(80.00)

Rental Payments

525.00

551.25

(26.25)

Salaries-Indirect

4,000.00

4,200.00

(200.00)

Payroll Taxes and Benefits-Indirect

425.00

446.25

(21.25)

Subcontractor

-

-

-

Telephone

500.00

525.00

(25.00)

Travel

100.00

105.00

(5.00)

Utilities

900.00

945.00

(45.00)

Website Development

-

-

-

Sub-Total Operating Expenses

10,850.00

11,392.50

(542.50)

OTHER EXPENSE PAYMENTS

Interest Expense

700.00

735.00

(35.00)

Income Tax Expense

5,200.00

5,460.00

(260.00)

Cash Disbursements to Owners

-

-

-

Sub-Total Other Expense Payments

5,900.00

6,195.00

(295.00)

TOTAL CASH PAYMENTS

32,325.00

33,941.25

(1,616.25)

NET CASH CHANGE - Inflow (Outflow)

14,975.00

15,708.75

(733.75)

CASH POSITION (end of month)

39,085.00

47,593.75

(8,508.75)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Profit and Loss (P&L) Statement

 

 

 

 

 

[Dollars $]

 

 

 

 

 

 

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

Revenue stream 1

7,692.6

7,814.6

7,938.7

8,064.6

8,192.6

Revenue stream 2

1,907.8

1,938.0

1,968.8

2,000.0

2,031.8

Returns, Refunds, Discounts

(275.3)

(279.7)

(284.1)

(288.6)

(293.2)

Total Net Revenue

9,325.0

9,473.0

9,623.3

9,776.0

9,931.2

Cost of Goods Sold

3,533.2

3,589.3

3,646.3

3,704.1

3,762.9

Gross Profit

5,791.8

5,883.7

5,977.0

6,071.9

6,168.3

Expenses

Advertising & Promotion

250.6

255.6

260.7

265.9

271.1

Depreciation & Amortization

1,456.8

1,485.8

1,515.3

1,545.4

1,576.1

Insurance

14.7

15.0

15.3

15.6

15.9

Maintenance

76.4

77.9

79.5

81.0

82.6

Office Supplies

37.5

38.3

39.0

39.8

40.6

Rent

77.7

79.3

80.9

82.5

84.1

Salaries, Benefits & Wages

3,366.7

3,433.6

3,501.8

3,571.4

3,642.3

Telecommunication

20.1

20.5

20.9

21.3

21.7

Travel

30.8

31.4

32.1

32.7

33.3

Utilities

18.8

19.1

19.5

19.9

20.3

Other Expense 1

50.9

51.9

53.0

54.0

55.1

Other Expense 2

-

-

-

-

-

Total Expenses

5,401.1

5,508.4

5,617.9

5,729.5

5,843.4

Earnings Before Interest & Taxes

390.6

375.2

359.1

342.4

324.9

Interest Expense

30.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

Earnings Before Taxes

360.6

372.7

356.6

339.9

322.4

Income Taxes

108.2

111.8

107.0

102.0

96.7

Net Earnings

252.4

260.9

249.7

237.9

225.7

 

Cash management plan

www.excel-skills.com

 

Feb-2024

Feb-2025

Feb-2026

Feb-2027

Feb-2028

Feb-2029

ASSETS

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-Current Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

Property, Plant & Equipment

10,50,000

11,02,000

11,39,000

10,12,000

9,62,000

10,37,000

Intangible Assets

1,20,000

1,08,000

96,000

84,000

72,000

60,000

Investments

8,00,000

8,00,000

12,00,000

18,00,000

23,00,000

27,00,000

19,70,000

20,10,000

24,35,000

28,96,000

33,34,000

37,97,000

Current Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

Inventory

1,70,000

1,94,156

2,01,557

2,10,660

2,31,092

2,54,898

Trade Receivables

3,70,000

4,09,384

4,42,135

4,77,506

5,23,821

5,77,782

Loans & Advances

55,000

55,000

75,000

75,000

65,000

50,000

Other Receivables

53,000

53,000

60,000

60,000

65,000

75,000

Cash & Cash Equivalents

1,71,000

5,97,313

5,55,163

4,59,851

5,72,770

9,97,738

8,19,000

13,08,853

13,33,855

12,83,016

14,57,683

19,55,418

Total Assets

27,89,000

33,18,853

37,68,855

41,79,016

47,91,683

57,52,418

EQUITY & LIABILITIES

 

 

 

 

 

 

Equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shareholders' Contributions

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

Reserves

-

-

-

-

-

-

Retained Earnings

4,00,000

7,74,152

12,41,521

18,45,844

26,66,870

36,58,261

4,01,000

7,75,152

12,42,521

18,46,844

26,67,870

36,59,261

Non-Current Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

Long Term Loans 1

12,00,000

11,25,603

10,43,581

9,53,151

8,53,452

7,43,534

Long Term Loans 2

5,00,000

5,46,086

4,87,185

4,22,836

3,52,534

2,75,730

Long Term Loans 3

-

2,02,595

4,13,758

4,65,763

4,90,598

5,88,988

Finance Leases

4,25,000

3,35,421

2,35,541

1,24,174

-

-

21,25,000

22,09,705

21,80,065

19,65,924

16,96,584

16,08,252

Current Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bank Overdraft

-

-

-

-

-

-

Trade Payables

1,30,000

1,69,720

1,76,646

1,84,952

2,01,956

2,21,766

Sales Tax

16,000

54,276

61,423

68,825

76,454

84,890

Payroll Accruals

20,000

20,000

21,200

22,472

23,820

25,250

Other Accruals

55,000

60,000

66,000

50,000

70,000

80,000

Provision For Taxation

-

-

-

-

-

-

Dividends Payable

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other Provisions

42,000

30,000

21,000

40,000

55,000

73,000

2,63,000

3,33,996

3,46,269

3,66,249

4,27,230

4,84,905

Total Equity & Liabilities

27,89,000

33,18,853

37,68,855

41,79,016

47,91,683

57,52,418

 

 

Setting Timelines

Research actions

Starting date

Duration

ending date

Activities

Raw Material Acquisition and Reworking

19-06-2024

20

09-07-2024

To develop a car from concept to reality, manufacturers require raw materials (Khatabook, 2020)

 

Engineering, Design, and Car Production

09-07-2024

22

31-07-2024

Engineers make small-scale models in 2D and 3D to test car designs. These include aerodynamics, safety, temperature, fuel economy, electrical functions, and cost analysis. 

(Khatabook, 2020)

Transaxle and Engine Shop

31-07-2024

25

25-08-2024

The engine's identity is given during engine block machining and the punching of the EIN. Leak tests and pressure tests are two of the most significant 

(Khatabook, 2020)

Press Shop or Stamping

25-08-2024

10

04-09-2024

Production begins here, with steel sheets pressed into metal parts. A multi-step pressing process involves pressing the sheets into shape in stages.

(Khatabook, 2020)

Body Shop or Welding

04-09-2024

14

18-09-2024

The automobile's sides take shape by welding together the roof, sides, and underbody. There is much fascination with watching Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding, where multiple robotic arms work with precision

(Khatabook, 2020)

Assembly Line Paint Shop

18-09-2024

7

25-09-2024

This involves dipping the BIW into an electrolyte solution to improve paint deposition on the metal.

(Khatabook, 2020)

 

 

Setting Performance Indicators

Four KPIs have been deployed to see through the plan:

Customer Satisfaction score: This KPI is used to measure the extent to which customers prefers or likes the overall features (Nicastro, 2022). If the CSAT score is more than 9.0+, then it is deemed that the KPI has been achieved successfully. Any score below that indicates that the improvement is needed in the car features.

Lead Time Score: This KPI is used to monitor the time it takes to deliver the product to the customers (Amper, 2023). If the delivery lead time decreased by 25%, then it is proclaimed that the KPI has been achieved successfully. If the Lead Time Score is low than 20%, then the cars need to be delivered to the customers quickly.

Quality defects: This KPI is deployed for taking an account of how many customer complaints have been witnessed in the period. If the number of complaints per period is less than 5%, then the interior quality defects of the car is low and acceptable. If it is more than 10%, then the improvement in the quality of the car interior is needed.

Budget variance: This is responsible for controlling the investment by comparing the baseline amount with current expenses and prevent any instances of the cost overrun (Bragg, 2023). If the budget variance KPI values less than 10%, then the investment for the car production is understood to be in line with the projected expenses. If it is more than 10%, then the budget allocation for the manufacturing needs to be reduced immediately.


Reference List

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Bhatnagar, U., Chaturvedi, P., & Gupta, A. (2018, October). Analysis and proposed fabrication of four-wheeler chassis. In 2018 International Conference on Automation and Computational Engineering (ICACE) (pp. 40-44). IEEE.

Durkin, C. R., Campos-Martinez, C. D., Lee, C. Y., & Vaz, W. S. (2020, July). Design and Fabrication of an Electric Basic Utility Vehicle. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Electro Information Technology (EIT) (pp. 211-215). IEEE.

Dias, P., Silva, F. J. G., Campilho, R. D. S. G., Ferreira, L. P., & Santos, T. (2019). Analysis and improvement of an assembly line in the automotive industry. Procedia Manufacturing38, 1444-1452.

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Klug, F. (2013, June). How electric car manufacturing transforms automotive supply chains. In 20th EurOMA Conference.

Koram, S. (2019). How to Manufacture an Automatic Car. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334108109_How_to_Manufacture_an_Automatic_Car

Caetano, A., Rito Silva, A., & Tribolet, J. (2012). Applying the principle of separation of concerns to business process design. International Journal of Organisational Design and Engineering 252(3), 250-270.

Merciai, S. (2019). An input-output model in a balanced multi-layer framework. Resources, Conservation and Recycling150, 104403.

Grnroos, C., & Ojasalo, K. (2014). Service productivity: Towards a conceptualization of the transformation of inputs into economic results in services. Journal of Business research57(4), 414-423.

Yazan, D. M., & Fraccascia, L. (2020). Sustainable operations of industrial symbiosis: an enterprise input-output model integrated by agent-based simulation. International Journal of Production Research58(2), 392-414.

Amper. (2023). Cycle Time vs. Lead Time: What Do These Metrics Tell You?. Retrieved from https://www.amper.xyz/post/cycle-time-vs-lead-time-what-do-these-metrics-tell-you

Nicastro, D. (2022). CSAT Meaning: What Is Customer Satisfaction Score? Retrieved from https://www.cmswire.com/customer-experience/what-is-customer-satisfaction-score-csat/

Bragg, S. (2023). Budget variance definition. Retrieved from https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/what-is-a-budget-variance.html

Khatabook. (2020). Car Manufacturing Process in 8 Steps: Automotive Process. Retrieved from https://khatabook.com/blog/car-manufacturing-process/